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    成考英語常用語法匯總

    2025-07-08 來源:中國教育在線

    英語在成人考試中非常的重要,而且今后不管是升學、考研都會考英語,所以英語是各科中的重中之重,一定要好好復習。

    成人高考常用英語語法

    1、形容詞和副詞的基本用法

    形容詞在句中一般作定語、表語、補語,而副詞在句中主要作狀語。

    2、定冠詞限定名詞用法

    定冠詞限定名詞時主要表示特指,應注意以下幾點:

    (1)the和可數名詞單數連用,表示一類人或物,如:the fern(蕨類),the wallflower

    (2)序數詞之前必須用the,如:the first woman,the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代詞時除外,如my first baby

    (3)形容詞最高級之前必須用the(有物主代詞時除外),如:the largest city,the most advanced technology

    (4)of連接的名詞前多用the,如:the development of the watch

    (5)世界上獨一無二的東西前應加the,如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道),the moon,the sun

    3、不用the的情況

    (1)表示人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前,一般不加,如:Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語),February(二月),America(美國)

    但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時要加上the the Great Lakes(美國五大湖),the Changjiang River(長江)

    (2)無特指的不可數名詞前,如:algebra(代數學),advertising,accounting(會計學)

    (3)表示類別的復數名詞前,如:Historians believe that…,Amphibians(兩棲動物)hatch from…

    (4)一些固定詞組中,如:in history,in nature,at work,at home ,go to school,go to bed,in bed

    4、定語從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種,其主要區別為:

    1.非限定性定語從句中,引導詞和先行詞之間需用逗號隔開。

    2.非限定性定語從句中,引導詞一般不用that

    在修飾人時用who,whom,whose

    He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.

    在修飾物時用which

    5、倒裝句的用法

    倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種。謂語動詞提前至主語之前為全部倒裝;助動詞或情態動詞提至主語之前,謂語動詞位置不變,即為部分倒裝。

    (1)否定詞用于句首時,句子應進行部分倒裝。

    否定詞常用的有:

    Not only…(but also),Not until(直到………才),No sooner…(than)(一………就)

    Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely…(when)

    Few/LittleNeither/Nor(也不)Nwhere At no time Under no circumstances(決不)

    On no account(決不)In no way

    其中not only,no sooner,hardly,scarcely 分別和but (also),than,when搭配使用,需注意:后一組詞之后的部分不進行倒裝,只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝。此類倒裝句一般出現在填空題中,需填入的是倒裝部分,只要在句首見到上述的詞,就應條件反射的想到用倒裝句

    (2)介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝。

    當句子沒有賓語,且主語偏長時,往往將句中作狀語的介詞短語或作表語的形容詞短語或作表語的分詞短語提至句首,引起主謂的全部倒裝。

    6、反身代詞的用法

    反身代詞既可用來做賓語;也可用來做表語。反身代詞經常放在名詞或者代名詞的后面來進行強調, 表示“親自”的意思。

    例:牢記make possible的三種形式:(1)make+名詞+possible;(2)make+possible+名詞(名詞短語較長時);(3)make it possible (for sb.) to do (見形式賓語部分)。

    7、分詞的時態

    1)與主語動詞同時,

    Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息,他高興得手舞足蹈。

    Arriving there, they found the boy dead.剛一到那兒,他們就發現那男孩死了。

    典型例題

    The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

    A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

    答案B. 此處沒有連詞,不能選D,否則出現了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發生,且與主語為主動關系,應用現在分詞。

    2)先于主動詞

    While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。

    分詞作時間狀語,如果先與主動詞的動作,且強調先后, 要用having done。

    Having finished his homework, he went out.

    =As he had finished his homework, he went out.

    做完作業后,他出去了。

    典型例題

    ___ a reply, he decided to write again.

    A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

    答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態與分詞的否定式。根據題意判斷,分詞的動作(接信)發生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前,因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成為not +分詞,故選C。該句可理解為:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

    成考英語常見語法錯誤分類解析

    1.句子成分殘缺不全

    We always working till late at night before taking exams.(誤)

    We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)

    We should read books may be useful to us. (誤)

    We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)

    2.句子成分多余

    This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (誤)

    One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)

    The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (誤)

    The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)

    3.主謂不一致

    Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (誤)

    Some think that reading should be selective. (正)

    My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (誤)

    My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)

    4.動詞時態、語態的誤用

    I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (誤)

    I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)

    We have little time to read some books which we interest. (誤)

    We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)

    I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (誤)

    I have been studying in the college for two years(正)

    5.詞類混淆

    It is my point that reading must be selectively. (誤)

    In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)

    Honest is so important for every person. (誤)

    Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)

    The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (誤)

    The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)

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